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News

The Duality of Skin Oxygen: Balancing Vitality and Damage

September 09, 2024

The Duality of Skin Oxygen: Balancing Vitality and Damage

Oxygen is essential for life, but it also has a complex and sometimes harmful relationship with our skin. At Luksha Cosmetics, we embrace this dual role by developing products that enhance skin health while protecting against oxidative stress. Our commitment to the latest research allows us to harness oxygen’s benefits while mitigating its risks.

Oxygen: Essential Yet Complex

Oxygen (O₂), commonly referred to as dioxygen, is a molecule composed of two oxygen atoms and is essential for the survival of all aerobic organisms. While it is widely known for its critical role in generating cellular energy in the form of ATP through the mitochondrial respiratory chain, oxygen is also crucial for numerous physiological functions and biochemical processes. It participates in cell signaling, regulates vascular tone and gene expression, and contributes to the body's antimicrobial defense mechanisms.

Despite the fact that ambient air contains approximately 21% oxygen (160 mm Hg), oxygen concentrations within different organs are significantly lower. These levels are finely tuned to match each organ’s vascularization, function, metabolism, and energy demands. This is especially true for the skin, which displays distinct oxygen concentration gradients.

Skin Physioxia: The Importance of Oxygen Gradients

Physioxia, introduced by Carreau et al. in 2011, describes the partial oxygen pressure in an organ under normal physiological conditions. Unlike atmospheric normoxia (21% oxygen) or pathological hypoxia, this term offers a more accurate view of oxygen levels in the body.
In the dermis, oxygen levels are around 7%, while in the non-vascularized epidermis, they drop to between 1% and 3%. The highest concentration is found in the stratum corneum (direct contact with the air), with just 1% in the basal layer. This oxygen gradient plays a key role in skin health, regulating processes like stem cell maintenance and keratinocyte differentiation.


Physioxia stimulates strong proliferation of keratinocytes, both in monolayers and in reconstructed human epidermis (RHE), resulting in a thinner epidermis. This effect is likely due to a slowdown in the terminal differentiation of keratinocytes. Additionally, under physioxic conditions, cells exhibited a reduced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to stress, indicating enhanced protection against oxidative stress. This is likely due to the increased activity of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). These findings offer a groundbreaking perspective on the interaction between oxygen and the skin, highlighting the importance of mimicking realistic physiological conditions in dermocosmetic research, particularly in the development of active ingredients designed to combat oxidative stress.

Oxidative Stress and Aging

Oxygen, while essential for life, has a dual role in tissue health. Though vital, it can also be harmful by contributing to the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damage cell components like proteins, lipids, and DNA. These ROS, formed as by-products of oxygen metabolism, include both radical and non-radical species and are produced within various cell compartments or triggered by external factors such as UV exposure, pollution, smoking, stress, lack of sleep, and lifestyle choices.

Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance—too many ROS and an overwhelmed antioxidant system unable to neutralize them. This imbalance is a key driver of aging, a theory first proposed by Denham Harman in 1956, known as the "Free Radical Theory of Aging." Additionally, ROS influence cell signaling pathways like MAPK and NF-kB, which, when overactivated, trigger the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) responsible for breaking down the extracellular matrix (ECM), leading to "inflammaging." This process is particularly evident in photoaging, where overexpression of MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9 accelerates skin aging.

While UV exposure is a well-known cause of extrinsic skin aging, other factors like visible light, infrared radiation, and pollutants also play a significant role in premature aging. As a result, industry experts are working to develop solutions that protect the skin from these environmental stressors.

Luksha Cosmetics’ Innovative Approaches

At Luksha Cosmetics, we have adopted several advanced strategies to counteract the harmful effects of oxygen while promoting its skin health benefits.

1. Contouring Multi-Action Cream

Our Contouring Multi-Action Cream is a standout example of how we combine cutting-edge science with effective skincare solutions. This cream is packed with powerful antioxidants to combat oxidative stress, featuring:

- Coenzyme Q10: A powerful antioxidant that protects the skin from environmental damage while reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. It also supports natural collagen production, improving skin firmness and elasticity.

- Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate: A stable, oil-soluble form of Vitamin C known for its outstanding antioxidant and skin-brightening properties. 

- Vitamin E: Another potent antioxidant that protects the skin from free radical damage, aids in skin repair, and supports the skin barrier, making the skin appear healthier and more youthful.

The combination of these ingredients makes the Contouring Multi-Action Cream a powerful tool in defending against the harmful effects of oxidative stress while promoting a more youthful and firm complexion.

2. Nourishing Cream

Our Nourishing Cream blends antioxidants like Raspberry Seed Oil and Vitamin E to fight oxidative damage and improve skin repair. This cream helps improve skin tone and shield the skin from environmental stressors, ensuring a radiant and youthful look.

3. Eco-Balance Probiotic Night Cream

This cream reduces oxidative stress by strengthening and supporting the skin’s microbiome, helping to promote a healthier, more balanced complexion. 

4. Moisturizing Cream-Mask

This product boasts a powerful form of Vitamin E that not only combats oxidative stress but also delivers intense hydration, leaving your skin nourished, protected, and radiant.

The Future of Skincare and Oxygen

At Luksha Cosmetics, we understand the dual role of oxygen in skin health, and our goal is to develop products that both leverage its benefits and protect against its potential harm. By incorporating antioxidants and respecting the skin’s natural oxygen gradient, we create solutions that not only improve skin health but also prevent premature aging.

As research evolves, at Luksha Cosmetics will continue to offer advanced, targeted skincare solutions that respect the balance of oxygen in the skin, ensuring our clients experience the best in both protection and skin vitality.

References:

  1. Hancock, J. T. Oxygen 1, 3-15 (2021).
  2. Carreau, A., et al. J Cell Mol Med 15, 1239-1253 (2011).
  3. Grillon, C., et al. Experimental Dermatology 21, 723-728 (2012).
  4. Chettouh Hammas, N. Influence du taux d'oxygénation et du photovieillissement sur l'activité antioxydante des cellules de la peau. (Orléans, 2022).
  5. Chettouh-Hammas, N. et al. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2023, 6829931 (2023).


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